Bibliography

Want to learn more about the site of Hierakonpolis? We provide two ways to find out more.

The Basic Bibliography lists the important basic references along with some of the most recent publications where you can learn more, arranged according to location around the site. This is a good place to start if you are less familiar with the literature about Hierakonpolis.

The Big Bibliography was an Excel file originally developed by the late Stan Hendrickx and searchable by key word, time period, author, title, etc. that we used to have for downloading. We have now uploaded an online searchable version of this Bibliography as part of our 'new look'. You can find this searchable bibliography at hierakonpolis-online.info/

The basic chronological periods are noted as PD=Predynastic, ED=Early Dynastic, OK=Old Kingdom, LP=Late Period, etc.

The journal abbreviations are as listed on the Egyptology forum (where information on on-line availability is also noted). See: http://www.egyptologyforum.org/EEFrefs.html

If we have missed anything or you spot a mistake or have published something new, please let us know. Your input and suggestions would be most appreciated.

The citations for the publications referring to Predynastic and Early Dynastic aspects of the site were provided through the courtesy of Stan Hendrickx.

Hierakonpolis Basic Bibliography

General Works

  • Adams, B. 1988. Predynastic Egypt. Shire Egyptology 7. Aylesbury.
  • Adams, B and K. Cialowicz. 1997. Protodynastic Egypt. Shire Egyptology 25. Aylesbury.
  • Bard, K.A., 2008. An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Davies, W.V. and R. Friedman 1998. Egypt. British Museum Press, London. Issued in USA as Egypt Uncovered.
  • Hoffman, M. A., 1980/1991. Egypt before the pharaohs: the prehistoric foundations of Egyptian civilization. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Revised and updates in 1991, University of Texas Press.
  • Midant-Reynes, B. 1992. Préhistoire de L'Égypte: des Premiers Hommes aux Premiers Pharaons. Paris. The Prehistory of Egypt, 2000. English translation by I Shaw. Blackwell. Oxford.
  • Midant-Reynes, B. 2003. Aux Origines de L’Égypte. Fayard. France.
  • Midant-Reynes, B. 2000 The Naqada Period (c. 4000-3200 BC), [in:] Shaw, I. (ed.), The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford: 44-60.      
  • Moeller, Nadine 2016. The archaeology of urbanism in ancient Egypt: from the Predynastic period to the end of the Middle Kingdom. New York: Cambridge University Press. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9781139942119                                                                                
  • Wengrow, D., 2006. The archaeology of Early Egypt: social transformations in North-East Africa 10,000 – 2650 BC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • Wilkinson, T.A.H. 1999. Early Dynastic Egypt. London-New York.
  • Zabecki, Melissa 2016. Work patterns at Hierakonpolis, Giza, Abydos and Amarna. In Zakrzewski, Sonia, Andrew Shortland, and Joanne Rowland, Science in the study of ancient Egypt, 154-156. New York; London: Routledge

 

Hierakonpolis Overviews 

  • Adams, B., 1977. Hierakonpolis. [in:] Helck, W. & Westendorf, W. (eds.), Lexikon der Ägyptologie 2. Wiesbaden: 1182-1186.
  • Adams, B., 1999. Hierakonpolis [in:] Bard, K. (ed.), The Archaeology of Ancient Egypt: An Encyclopedia, Routledge, London and New York: 371-374.
  • Adams, B., 1995. Ancient Nekhen: Garstang in the City of Nekhen, Whitstable.
  • Friedman, R.F., 2003. City of the hawk. From ancient breweries to the earliest Mummies, excavations at Hierakonpolis are rewriting the origins of Egyptian civilization. Archaeology 56.6 (2003): 50-56. 
  • Friedman, R.F., 2004. Hierakonpolis [in:] Redford, D.B. (ed.),The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Egypt. Oxford: Vol. 2: 98-100.
  • Friedman, R.F., 2005. Hiérakonpolis Berceau de la royauté, Dossiers d’Archeologie 307: 62-73.
  • Friedman, R.F., 2006. Hierakonpolis: cradle of kingship. Ancient Egypt 6.4 (2006): 20-25.
  • Friedman, R., 2008.The cemeteries of Hierakonpolis, Archeo-Nil, 18: 8-29.
  • Friedman, R.F., 2011. Hierakonpolis [in:] Teeter, E. (ed.), Before the Pyramids. The origins of Egyptian civilization. Oriental Institute Publications 33. Chicago: 33-44. http://oi.uchicago.edu/pdf/oimp33.pdf
  • Friedman, R., 2012. Hierakonpolis [in:] Patch, D.C. (ed.), Dawn of Egyptian Art. New York: 82-93.
  • Hoffman, M.A., H. Hamroush and R.O. Allen., 1986. A Model of Urban Development for the Hierakonpolis Region from Predynastic through Old Kingdom Times, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 23: 175-187.
  • Kaiser, W., 1957. Zu vorgeschichtlichen Bedeutung von Hierakonpolis, Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo16: 183-192.

 

Early Excavations/explorations

  • Bouriant, U., 1885. Les tombeaux d'Hieraconpolis, in Etudes archeologique, linguistiques et historique dedicees a M. de Dr. C. Leemans. Leiden.
  • Brunton, G., 1932. The Predynastic Town-site at Hierakonpolis, in S. R. K. Glanville (ed.), Studies presented to F. Ll. Griffiths. London: 272-276.
  • de Morgan, H., 1912. Report on Excavations made in Upper Egypt during the Winter 1907-1908, Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte 12: 25-50.  http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb344630070/date
  • Garstang, J. 1907. Excavations at Hierakonpolis, at Esna, and in Nubia, Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte 8: 132-148. http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb344630070/date
  • Lansing, A. 1935. The Museum's Excavations at Hierakonpolis, Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 30: 37-45
  • Needler, W. 1984. Predynastic and Archaic Egypt in the Brooklyn Museum. New York.
  • Quibell, J.E. 1900. Hierakonpolis I. Egyptian Research Account 4. London. http://archive.org/details/hierakonpolis00greegoog
  • Quibell, J.E. and F.W. Green. 1902. Hierakonpolis II. Egyptian Research Account 5, London.  http://archive.org/details/publications05brituoft 

 

Recent Excavations/ Hierakonpolis Expedition

Multiple localities: 

  • Fairservis, W. 1972. Preliminary Report on the First Two Seasons at Hierakonpolis, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 9: 7-27.
  • Friedman, R., A. Maish, A. G. Fahmy, J. C. Darnell and E. D. Johnson, 1999. Preliminary Report on Field Work at Hierakonpolis 1996-1998, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 36:1-35.
  • Friedman, R.F.; Watrall, E.; Jones, J.; Fahmy, A.G.; Van Neer, W. & Linseele, V., 2002. Excavations at Hierakonpolis. Archéo-Nil 12: 55-68.
  • Friedman, R., T. Hikade, M. Baba, J. Major and J. Paulson, 2008. The 2005-2006 field season of the Hierakonpolis Expedition. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte 82: 89-111.
  • Friedman, R.F. & others, 2009. Report on the 2006–2007 season of the Hierakonpolis Expedition. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte 83: 191–234. 
  • Harlan, J. F., 1992. Wadi and desert settlement at Predynastic Hierakonpolis. [in:] Friedman, R. & Adams, B. (eds.), The Followers of Horus: studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman. Oxford: 15-18.
  • Hoffman, M.A., et al., (1982). The Predynastic of Hierakonpolis. An Interim Report. Egyptian Studies Association Publication no. 1, Cairo and Illinois

 

HK6 elite cemetery

  • Adams, B., 1996. Elite Tombs at Hierakonpolis, [in:] Spencer, A.J. (ed.), Aspects of Early Egypt. London: 1-15.
  • Adams, B., 2000. Excavations in the Locality 6 cemetery at Hierakonpolis 1979–1985. British Archaeological Reports International Series 903. Oxford.
  • Adams, B., 2002. Seeking the roots of ancient Egypt. A unique cemetery reveals monuments and rituals from before the pharaohs. Archéo-Nil 12: 25–28.
  • Adams, B., 2004. Excavations in the Elite Predynastic Cemetery at Hierakonpolis Locality HK6: 1999–2000. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte 78: 47–52.
  • Fahmy, A.G., Fadl, M. & Friedman, R.F., 2008. Archaeobotanical studies at Hierakonpolis Locality HK6: The Pre and early dynastic elite cemetery. Archéo-Nil 18: 169-183.
  • Friedman, R.F., 2004 Elephants at Hierakonpolis [in:] Hendrickx, S., Friedman, R.F., Cialowicz, K.M. & Chlodnicki, M. (eds): Egypt at its Origins. Studies in Memory of Barbara Adams. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 138. Peeters: Leuven: 131-168 

Viewable on Google books

  • Friedman, R.F., 2008. Excavating Egypt’s early kings: Recent discoveries in the elite cemetery at Hierakonpolis [in:] Midant-Reynes, B. & Tristant, Y. (eds.), Egypt at its origins 2. Proceedings of the international conference ‘Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, Toulouse (France), 5th–8th September 2005. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 172. Leuven: 1157–1194. 
  • Friedman, R.F., 2011. The early royal cemetery at Hierakonpolis: An overview [in:] Raffaele, F., Nuzzolo, M. &. Incordino, I.,(eds.) Recent discoveries and latest researches in Egyptology. Proceedings of the first Neapolitan congress of Egyptology, Naples, June 18–20, 2008. Wiesbaden: 67–86. 
  • Friedman, R.F.; Van Neer, W. & Linseele, V., 2011. The elite Predynastic cemetery at Hierakonpolis: 2009-2010 update [in:] Friedman, R.F. & Fiske, P.N. (eds.), Egypt at its Origins 3. Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origins of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt. London, 27th July- 1st August 2008. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 205. Peeters: Leuven: 157-191.
  • Hendrickx, S.,2008. Rough ware as an element of symbolism and craft specialisation at Hierakonpolis’ elite cemetery HK6 [in:] Midant-Reynes, B. & Tristant, Y. (eds.), Egypt at its origins 2. Proceedings of the international conference ‘Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, Toulouse (France), 5th–8th September 2005. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 172. Leuven: 61–85.
  • Van Neer, W., Linseele, V., & Friedman, R.F., 2004. Animal burials and food offerings at the elite cemetery HK6 in Hierakonpolis [in:] Hendrickx, S., Friedman, R.F., Cia?owicz, K.M. & Ch?odnicki, M. (eds.), Egypt at its origins. Studies in memory of Barbara Adams. Proceedings of the international conference ‘Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt’, Kraków, 28th August–1st September 2002. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 138. Leuven: 67–130.

HK43 Non elite cemetery

  • Dougherty, S.P. & Friedman, R.F., 2008. Sacred or mundane: Scalping and decapitation at Predynastic Hierakonpolis [in:] Midant-Reynes, B. & Tristant, Y. (eds.), Egypt at its origins 2. Proceedings of the International conference “Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt”, Toulouse, 5-8th September 2005. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 172, Leuven: 311-338
  • Fahmy, A.G., 2003. Palaeo-ethnobotanical studies of the Egyptian Predynastic cemeteries: new dimensions and contributions [in] Neumann, K., Butler, A. & Kahlheber, S. (eds.). Food, fuel and fields: Progress in African archaeobotany. Africa Praehistorica 15. Köln: 95–106.
  • Friedman, R.F., 1999. The Predynastic cemetery at HK43 [in:] Friedman, R.F.; Maish, A.; Fahmy, A.G.; Darnell, J.C. & Johnson, E.D, Preliminary report on field work at Hierakonpolis: 1996-1998. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 36 (1999): 3-11.
  • Friedman, R.F.; Watrall, E.; Jones, J.; Fahmy, A.G.; Van Neer, W. & Linseele, V., 2002. Excavations at Hierakonpolis. Archéo-Nil 12 (2002): 55-68.
  • Jones, J., 2007. New perspectives on the development of mummification and funerary practices during the Pre- and Early Dynastic periods [in:] Goyon, J.-C. & Cardin, C. (eds.) Proceedings of the ninth international congress of Egyptologists. Grenoble 6–12 septembre 2004: Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 150. Leuven: 979–990.
  • Jones, Jana, Thomas F. G. Higham, Ron Oldfield, Terry P. O'Connor, and Stephen A. Buckley 2014. Evidence for prehistoric origins of Egyptian mummification in late Neolithic burials. PLoS One 9 (8), e103608. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103608.

Fort Cemetery, HK27

  • Adams, B., 1987. The Fort cemetery at Hierakonpolis, excavated by John Garstang. London: Kegan Paul International.

Viewable on Google books

  • Kemp, B.J. 1963. Excavation at Hierakonpolis Fort 1905: A Preliminary Note, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 49: 24-28.
  • Wilkinson, T.A.B., 1996. State Formation in Egypt: Chronology and Society. BAR Int. Series 651. Oxford

Decorated tomb (Tomb 100)

  • Case, H. and J.C. Payne. 1962. Tomb 100: The Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, JEA 48: 5-18.
  • Cialowicz, K.M., 1998. Once more the Hierakonpolis Wall Painting, [in:] C.J. Eyre (ed.), Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Egyptologists Cambridge 3-9 September 1995, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 82, Leuven: 274-279.

Viewable on Google books

  • Hendrickx, S. & Eyckerman, M. 2012. Visual Representation and State Development in Egypt. Archéo-Nil 23: 23-72. (bibliography cited therein)
  • Kemp, B. J., 1973. Photographs of the Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 59: 39-43.
  • Payne, J.C. 1973. Tomb 100: The Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis Confirmed, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 59: 31-35.

HK29A/B Ceremonial Center 

  • Fahmy, A.G. and Fadl, M. 2009. Plant macroremains from Locality HK 29A at Hierakonpolis, Egypt. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 45: 137-152.
  • Friedman, R., 1996. The Ceremonial Centre at Hierakonpolis, Locality HK29A [in:] Spencer, A.J., (ed.), Aspects of Early Egypt: 16-35 London.
  • Friedman, R.F., 2009. Hierakonpolis Locality HK29A: The Predynastic ceremonial center revisited. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 45: 79–103.
  • Graff, G.; Eyckerman, M. and Hendrickx, S., 2011. Architectural elements on Decorated pottery and ritual presenting of desert animals. [in:] Friedman, R.F. & Fiske, P.N. (eds.), Egypt at its Origins 3. Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origins of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt. London, 27th July- 1st August 2008. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 205. Peeters: Leuven: 435-464.
  • Hikade, T.; Pyke, G. and O’Neill, D., 2008. Excavations at Hierakonpolis HK29B and HK25: The campaigns of 2005/2006. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo 64: 153–188.
  • Hikade, T., 2011.Origins of monumental architecture: recent excavations at Hierakonpolis HK29B and HK25 [in:] Friedman, R.F. & Fiske, P.N. (eds.), Egypt at its Origins 3. Proceedings of the Third International Conference ‘Origins of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt. London, 27th July- 1st August 2008. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 205. Peeters: Leuven: 81-107
  • Holmes, D.L., 1992. Chipped Stone-working Craftsmen, Hierakonpolis and the Rise of Civilization in Egypt [in:] Friedman, R. and Adams, B (eds.), The Followers of Horus. Oxford: 37-44
  • Linseele, V., Van Neer, W. & Friedman, R.F., 2009. Special animals from a special place? The fauna from HK29A at Predynastic Hierakonpolis. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 45: 105–136.

HK11C Industrial areas and beyond

  • Baba, M. 2009. Pottery production at Hierakonpolis during the Naqada II period:Toward a reconstruction of the firing technique. British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan 13.http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/bmsaes/issue13/
  • Fahmy, A.G., Fadl, M. & Friedman, R.F., 2011. Economy and Ecology of Predynastic Hierakonpolis, Egypt: Archaeobotanical Evidence from a Trash Mound at HK11C [in:] Fahmy, A.G, Kahlbeher, S. & D’Andrea, A.C. (eds), Windows on the African Past. Current approaches to African archaeobotany. Frankfort: 91-118
  • Harlan, J.F., 1982. Excavations at Locality 11C [in:] Hoffman, M.A. (ed.), The Predynastic of Hierakonpolis. Egyptian Studies Association 1. Giza/Macomb: 14-25.
  • Takamiya, I.H., 2008 Firing installations and specialization: A view from recent excavations at Hierakonpolis Locality 11C. [in:] B. Midant-Reynes, B. and Y. Tristant, (eds.),Egypt at its origins 2. Proceedings of the International Conference "Origin of the state, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt”, Toulouse (France), 5th-8th September 2005. Leuven: 187-202.

HK24: Breweries 

  • Geller, J.R., 1989. Recent Excavations at Hierakonpolis and their Relevance to Predynastic Pyrotechnology and Settlement, Cahier de Recherches de l'Institut de Papyrologie et d'Égypt­ologie de Lille 11: 41-52
  • Geller, J.R., 1992. From Prehistory to History: Beer in Egypt. [in:] Friedman, R. and Adams, B (eds.), The Followers of Horus. Oxford: 19-26.


HK29: The Burnt House

  • Hoffman, M.A.,1980. A Rectangular Amratian House from Hierakonpolis and Its Significance for Predynastic Research, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 39: 119-137.
  • Hoffman, M.A., 1982. Excavations at Locality 29, [in:] Hoffman. M.A. et al, The Predynastic of Hierakonpolis. (ESA 1) Giza/Macomb: 7-13.

Enclosure of Khasekhemwy aka the ‘Fort’

  • Alexanian, N. 1998. Die Reliefdekoration des Cheschemui aus dem sogenannten Fort in Hierakonpolis, [in:] Grimal, N. (ed.), Les critères de datation stylistiques à l'Ancien Empire. Institute Francaise d'Archéologie Orientale, Bibliothèque d'Ètude 120: 3-21.
  • Friedman, R., 2007. New Observations on the Fort at Hierakonpolis. [in:] Hawass, Z.H., and Richards, J. (eds.-, The Archaeology and Art of Ancient Egypt. Essays in Honor of David B. O’Connor. Annales du Service des Antiquites de l’Egypte Cahier 36: 309-36.
  • Jaeschke, J.L & Friedman, R.F., 2011. Conservation of the Enclosure of Khasekhemwy at Hierakonpolis, Upper Egypt: Investigation, Experimentation and Implementation [in:] Rainter, L., Rivera, A.B. & Gandreau, D. (eds.), Terra 2008. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on the Study and Conservation of Earthen Architectural Heritage, Bamako, Mali February 1-5, 2008. Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles: 189-193.
  • Garstang, J. 1907. Excavations at Hierakonpolis, at Esna, and in Nubia, Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Égypte 8: 132-148.
  • Kemp, B.J. 1963. Excavation at Hierakonpolis Fort 1905: A Preliminary Note, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 49: 24-28.


Nekhen/Kom/Main Deposit 

  • Adams, B. 1974. Ancient Hierakonpolis and Supplement. Warminster.
  • Bussmann, R., 2010. Die Provinztempel Agyptens von der 0. Bis zur 11. Dynastie. Brill, Leiden.
  • Bussmann, Richard 2014. Urbanism and temple religion in Egypt: a comment on Hierakonpolis. Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 100, 311-337
  • Di Pietro, Grazia A. 2013. Studio dei materiali ceramici dal sondaggio stratigrafico condotto da Michael A. Hoffman (1984) nell’abitato di Nekhen, Hierakonpolis, Alto Egitto. Ricerche italiane e scavi in Egitto 6, 105-118.
  • Dreyer, G. 1986. Elephantine VIII. Der Tempel der Satet: Der Funde. Archäologische Veröffentlichungen 39. Mainz.
  • Eckmann, C. and Shafik, S., 2005. Leben dem Horus Pepi Restaurierung und technologische Untersuchung der Metallskupturen des Pharao Pepi I aus Hierakonpolis. Mainz. 
  • Fairservis, W. 1978. Preliminary Report on Excavations at Hierakonpolis. The Season January to March 1978. Vassar College, Poughkeepsie N.Y.
  • Fairservis, W. 1983. The Hierakonpolis Project. Season January to March 1978. Excavation of the Temple Area on the Kom el Gemuwia. (Hierakonpolis Occasional Papers in Anthropol­ogy 1) Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
  • Fairservis, W. 1986. The Hierakonpolis Project. Season January to May 1981. Excavation on the Kom el Gemuwia. (Hierakonpolis Occasional Papers in Anthropology 3) Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
  • Hikade, T. 2004. Urban development at Hierakonpolis and the stone industry at square 10N5W [in:] Hendrickx, S., Friedman, R.F., Cia?owicz, K.M., Ch?odnicki. M. (eds.), Egypt at its Origins. Studies in Memory of Barbara Adams. Proceedings of the International Conference "Origin of the State. Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt", Kraków, 28th August-1st September 2002.OLA 138. Leuven:. 181–197.
  • Hoffman, M.A., 1971-72. Occupational Features at the Kom el Ahmar. Preliminary Report on the First Two Season at Hierakonpolis, Part III, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 9: 35-47.
  • Hoffman, M. A. 1986. A preliminary report on 1984 excavations at Hierakonpolis, Newsletter of the American Research Center in Egypt132: 3-9.
  • Hoffman, M.A. 1989. A stratified Predynastic sequence from Hierakonpolis (Upper Egypt), in L. Krzy?aniak, L., Kobuciewicz, M (eds.), Late Prehistory of the Nile basin and the Sahara. Pozna?, 1989: 317-323
  • McNamara, L., 2008. The revetted mound at Hierakonpolis and early kingship: A re-interpretation. [in:] Midant-Reynes, B. and Tristant, Y. (eds.),Egypt at its origins 2. Proceedings of the International Conference "Origin of the state, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt”, Toulouse (France), 5th-8th September 2005: 901-36. Leuven: 901-936.
  • O’Connor, D., 1992. The status of early Egyptian temples: an alternative theory. [in:] Friedman, R. and Adams, B (eds.), The Followers of Horus. Oxford: 83-98.
  • Weeks, K. 1972. Preliminary Report on the First Two Seasons at Hierakonpolis Part II: The Early Dynastic Palace, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 9: 29-33.
  • Whitehouse, H. 1992. The Hierakonpolis Ivories in Oxford. A Progress Report, [in:] Friedman, R. and B. Adams (eds.), The Followers of Horus. Oxford: 77-82.


Nubian C-Group cemetery (HK27C)

  • Friedman, R. 2001. Excavations in the Nubians Cemeteries. Sudan & Nubia 5: 29-37.
  • Friedman, R. 2004. Excavation of the C-Group cemetery at HK27C, Hierakonpolis. Sudan & Nubia 8:47-51.
  • Friedman, R., 2007. The C-Group Cemetery at Locality HK27C: Results of the 2007 Season, Sudan & Nubia 11: 57-62.
  • Irish, J.D. & Friedman R.F. 2010. Dental Affinities of the C Group inhabitants of Hierakonpolis Egypt: Nubian, Egyptian, or both? Homo: Journal of Comparative Human Biology 61(2): 81-101.
  • De Souza, Aaron M. 2025. De-constructing the Pan-Grave horizon: a community-based approach. Old World: Journal of Ancient Africa and Eurasia 5 (1). DOI: 10.1163/26670755-04020010
  • De Souza, Aaron M.. New Horizons : The Pan-Grave Ceramic Tradition in Context. London: Golden House Publications, 2019. 
  • Schröder, Marie-Kristin 2024. Migration and mobility in the archaeological record of the "C-Group" culture between Egypt and Kerma. In Mynářová, Jana, Ludovica Bertolini, and Federico Zangani (eds), Migration and mobility in the ancient Near East and Egypt - the Crossroads IV: proceedings of an international conference held in Prague, September 19-22, 2022, 343-369. Columbus, GA: Lockwood Press. DOI: 10.5913/2024108.3.3. 
  • Schröder, Marie-Kristin 2018. Nubian pottery assemblage from the C-Group cemetery HK27C at Hierakonpolis. In Honegger, Matthieu (ed.), Nubian archaeology in the XXIst century: proceedings of the thirteenth International Conference for Nubian Studies, Neuchâtel, 1st-6th September 2014, 243-250. Leuven: Peeters
  • Veldmeijer, André J. and Lucy-Anne Skinner 2019. Nubian leatherwork. In Raue, Dietrich (ed.), Handbook of ancient Nubia 1, 491-509. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/9783110420388-021

Dynastic tombs

  • Dalino, Edwin 2021. Les grands prêtres d'Égypte à l'époque ramesside: prosopographie et histoire, 2 vols. Cahiers "Égypte Nilotique et Méditerranéenne" 30. Milano: Silvana.
  • Davies, W. V., 2001. The dynastic tombs at Hierakonpolis: the lower group and the artist Sedjemneteru [in:] Davies, W.V. (ed.), Colour and Painting in Ancient Egypt. London: 112-25
  • Friedman, R.F., 1999. The Dynastic Tombs [in:] Friedman, R.F.; Maish, A.; Fahmy, A.G.; Darnell, J.C. & Johnson, E.D, Preliminary report on field work at Hierakonpolis: 1996-1998. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 36 (1999): 29-34.
  • Friedman, R., 2001. The Dynastic tombs at Hierakonpolis: painted tombs of the early Eighteenth Dynasty. [in:] Davies, W.V. (ed.), Colour and Painting in Ancient Egypt. London: 106-12.
  • Friedman, R.F., 2010. The Decorated Dynastic Tombs at Hierakonpolis [in:] Danforth, R. (ed.), Preserving Egypt’s Cultural Heritage. The Conservation Work of the American Research Center in Egypt 1995-2005. Cairo: 19-22.
  • Grajetzki, Wolfram 2023. Horemkhauef of Hierakonpolis. Ancient Egypt: the history, people and culture of the Nile valley 136 (23/4), 28-32
  • Hayes, W.C. 1947. Horemkhacuef of Nekhen and his Trip to It-towe, Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 33: 3-11.
  • Majer, J. and R. Friedman, 2008. Rock Cut Tombs of the Second Intermediate Period. In R. Friedman et al., The 2005-2006 Field Season the The Hierakonpolis Expedition. Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte 82: 99-100.
  • Porter, B. and R. Moss. 1937. Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Reliefs, and Paintings. Upper Egyptian Sites. Vol. V. Oxford 
  • Schenck, William 2020. Typical, atypical, and downright strange epigraphic techniques. In Davies, Vanessa and Dimitri Laboury (eds), The Oxford handbook of Egyptian epigraphy and palaeography, 343-355. New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190604653.013.23.
  • Walters, E.J.,2003., Women in the Cult of Isis at Hierakonopolis[in:] Hawass, Z (ed), Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century. Volume 2: History, Religion. Cairo: 558-565

Petroglyphs/HK64

  • Berger M., 1982. The Petroglyphs at Locality 61 in in M.A. Hoffman (ed.), The Predynastic of Hierakonpolis. (ESA 1) Giza/Macomb: 61-65
  • Berger, M., 1992. Predynastic Animal-headed Boats from Hierakonpolis and Southern Egypt, [in:] Friedman, R. and B. Adams (eds.), The Followers of Horus. Studies dedicated to Michael Allen Hoffman. Oxford: 107-120.
  • Friedman, R.F., 2000. Pots, pebbles and petroglypyhs part II: 1996 excavations at Hierakonpolis locality HK64 [in:] Leahy, A. & Taite, J. (eds.), Studies on ancient Egypt in honour of H.S. Smith. E.E.S. Occasional Publications 13, London: 101-108.
  • Friedman, R.F., 1999. Excavations at HK64 [in:] Friedman, R.F.; Maish, A.; Fahmy, A.G.; Darnell, J.C. & Johnson, E.D., Preliminary report on field work at Hierakonpolis: 1996-1998. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 36 (1999): 18-23.
  • Hardtke, Fred 2012. Rock art around settlements: the boats & fauna at Hierakonpolis, Egypt. In Huyge, D., H. Van Noten, and D. Swinne (eds), The signs of which times? Chronological and palaeoenvironmental issues in the rock art of Northern Africa, 327-348. Brussels: Royal Academy of Overseas Sciences
  • Lankester, Francis D. 2023. Rock art origins of elite iconography on the Gebelein linen and Hierakonpolis Tomb 100 painting. In Kabaciński, Jacek, Małgorzata Winiarska-Kabacińska, and Marek Chłodnicki (eds), Society and subsistence in the prehistory of northeastern Africa: papers in honor of Romuald Schild, 89-104. Poznań: Poznań Archaeological Museum

Objects and finds analyses

  • Claes, Wouter, Dorian Vanhulle, and Thierry de Putter 2021. Obsidian in early Egypt: the provenance of a new fragment from the predynastic settlement at Elkab and the question of possible exchange routes. In Claes, Wouter, Marleen De Meyer, Merel Eyckerman, and Dirk Huyge ✝ (eds), Remove that pyramid! Studies on the archaeology and history of predynastic and pharaonic Egypt in honour of Stan Hendrickx, 187-236. Leuven; Paris; Bristol, CT: Peeters
  • Panagiotaki, Marina, Elizabeth Walters, Yannis Maniatis, and Anna Tsoupra 2017. Technical aspects of faience from Hierakonpolis, Egypt: a preliminary report. In Rosati, Gloria and Maria Cristina Guidotti (eds), Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Egyptologists, Florence Egyptian Museum, Florence, 23-30 August 2015, 468-471. Oxford: Archaeopress.
  • Walters, Elizabeth J., Amr el-Gohary, Shelton S. Alexander, Richard R. Parizek, David P. Gold, Recep Cakir, Marina Panagiotaki, Yannis Maniatis, and Anna Tsoupra 2017. Hierakonpolis Faience, 2005-2013, with context and accompanying finds: a quest for chronology and possible use. In Rosati, Gloria and Maria Cristina Guidotti (eds), Proceedings of the XI International Congress of Egyptologists, Florence Egyptian Museum, Florence, 23-30 August 2015, 676-679. Oxford: Archaeopress

 

 (08-2025)

 

Find out more about the site

If you want to know more about the excavations and work at Hierakonpolis, we have two options available for you online.

We produce an annual newsletter Nekhen News that gives a summary of the previous year's work, as well as articles by members of the team and visiting scholars who are looking at specific items that have been found at the site. There are also articles in Nekhen News that give a flavour of what it's like to work at the site. The latest copies of Nekhen News are not available online (but if you are a 'Friend of Nekhen' you will automatically receive a copy anyway), but we do have a freely accessible archive of previous Nekhen News editions starting from our very first type-written issue, we produced in 1985, through to the more recent glossy issues.

For those wishing to find out more about the Predynastic period in Egypt, especially in connection with Hierakonpolis, we also have a basic bibliography which contains general works and more detailed academic books and papers. This bibliography can be accessed here.

In addition, we have a searchable online bibliography for those that wish to search for articles, books and book chapters of a specific theme, by particular authors or from certain years. That bibliography can be accessed at https://hierakonpolis-online.info/

   

 

Nekhen News not yet available online

This edition of Nekhen News is not yet available online.

To get your own personal copy of this edition of Nekhen News, why not become a Friend of Nekhen and help support our expedition discovering the history of Predynastic Hierakonpolis. You can make a donation by clicking on the donation link or going to our 'Become a Friend' page and following the appropriate link.

Nekhen News

Download and read back issues of Nekhen News, the Hierakonpolis Expedition's newsletter, in PDF format - which is accessible by using any PDF reader (such as Adobe Acrobat Reader, which is free to download).

The earliest of these Nekhen News editions are truly archaeological documents in their own right, and you can read how the excavations at Hierakonpolis took shape, as well as see how we developed our 'Friends' organisation. 

nn 01 1985 thumb Nekhen News Fall 1985 vol I.1 
The first ever edition of our 'ground-breaking' reports of work on site.

 nn 02 1986 thumb Nekhen News, June 1986 vol 2.1 & 2.2
The Hierakonpolis Expedition discovers Egypt's oldest temple, the lure of potsherds and mystery petroglyphs.

 nn 03 1 1987 thumb Nekhen News, Winter 1986 vol 3.1
'The First Egyptians', Predynastic Lapis Lazuli and 'Excavating Old Archaeologists'.

 nn 03 2 1987 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 1987 vol 3.2
Pathways to the Past and Plans for the Hierakonpolis Expedition Center.

 nn 04 1 1988 thumb Nekhen News, Winter 1987 vol 4.1
HK-64 reveals a well-kept secret; Beads, Borers & Bifaces; Shadows of the Past - The Compound Wall completed.

 nn 04 2 1988 thumb Nekhen News, Summer 1988 vol 4.2
An archaeologist reconstructs his Past; Mapping Hierakonpolis; Fish stories and Tall Tails.

 nn 04 3 1988 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 1988 vol 4.3
Details of the start of the 1988-89 season; The first Egyptians; New light on ancient yeast; and updates about the excavations on site.

 nn 05 1 1989 thumb Nekhen News, Spring 1989 vol 5.1
Hierakonpolis comes to Beverly Hills; Zooarchaeology at Hierakonpolis; an engineer's view of Hierakonpolis.

 nn 06 1990 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 1990 vol 6
In Memoriam to Michael Hoffman - remembering a friend and colleague.

  (There was no volume 7 of Nekhen News)
 nn 08 1996 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 1996 vol 8
We're back! Pharaonic rock art; Dig-house update; human remains at HK43; Elephants, hippopotami and pigs; Hierakonpolis in Dublin.

 nn 09 1997 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 1997 vol 9
Read about the first mummies, excavations at the Predynastic cemetery HK43, the plant macro remains at HK43, the conservation of the Old Kingdom and Second Intermediate period tombs, the Hierakonpolis Centenary, and more! Now in full color!

 nn 10 1998 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 1998 vol 10
Read about 100 years of discovery at Hierakonpolis, discoveries at the Elite Cemetery (HK6), excavations at the Predynastic cemetery HK43, giraffes in ancient Egypt, archaeobotanical studies at HK43, the continuing conservation of the Old Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period tombs, Hierakonpolis at the Cairo Museum, and much more!

 nn 11 1999 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 1999 vol 11 New finds for the next 100 years
Learn about the exciting new discoveries at the Elite Cemetery (HK6), the investigation of the Fort of Khasekhemwy, the geophysical survey of Hierakonpolis, the lower Second Intermediate Periods tombs, the artists at the tomb of Hormose, conservation at the tomb of Djehuty, the Painted Tomb at Hierakonpolis, and more!

 nn 12 2000 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2000 vol 12
Read about perspectives on the Elite Cemetery (HK6) finds, the analysis of the human remains from HK43 and HK6, the exciting excavations at HK11, Hierakonpolis' chipped stone animal finds, lithic analysis from Dr. Michael Hoffman's excavations at 10N5W, the plant remains from HK43, mapping the Fort of Khasekhemwy, and the ongoing work at the Old Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period tombs.

 nn 13 2001 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2001 vol 13
The Season of Surprises. Locality 6:amazing revelations, The home of the giant catfish, Buried in her bark pyjamas, Excavating in the Nubian cemeteries, Adornment circa 1700BC.

 nn 14 2002 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2002 vol 14
A memoriam issue to Barbara Adams, former co-director of excavations on site. Ma'asalama Mudira, Barbara and the boxes in Brussels, Funerary Textiles of the rich and poor, Saving the Fort, Return to the temple, Barbara Adams-a reminiscence.

 nn 15 2003 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2003 vol 15
Return to the Temple: Excavations at HK29A, Excavating an elephant, The case of the curious cones, A basket of delights: The 2003 Excavations at HK43.

nn 16 2004 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2004 vol 16
Farewell to HK43, Searching for temple walls, Predynastic kilns at HK11C, Close encounters with HK Potters, Nobody can eat 30 eggs.

nn 17 2005 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2005 vol 17
Exceeding Expectations, Excavating Egypt's earliest kings, Lifestyles of the Hierakonpolis rich and famous, Finding Lost Souls, Monuments in Mud, Fort within a Fort.

nn 18 2006 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2006 vol 18
The Fort Fixers, It's the pits!, An enigmatic bird from HK25, When is a tomb not a tomb? A Scorpion for Eternity, Mapping Hierakonpolis, The Forgotten Potter of Horemkhawef, Pillow Talk, and much more besides...

 nn 19 2007 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2007 vol 19
A New Pillared Hall at HK6, The Falcon has landed: Falcons in "the City of the Falcons", headless at Hierakonpolis, Beer After Sheep? HK11C Squares A6-A7 in 2007, Mouse Patrol II.

 nn 20 2008 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2008 vol 20
A new piece of the puzzle, Grand Design in the Sacred Compound, Return to the Temple and Workshop, The Fort under Siege, Khasekhemwy's Cat...

 nn 21 2009 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2009 vol 21
A Tour of the Palace, Elephant hunting at Hierakonpolis, The Tale of Tomb 30, The Earliest Green Monkey in the Nile Valley, Into the Breach: Fixing the Fort in 2009.  

 nn 22 2010 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2010 vol 22
Further Adventures at HK6, Seeds of Destruction, Back to Magnetometry: Survey 2010, The Watercolours of Frederick William Green, Fort Finale: Phase One Finished.  

 nn 23 2011 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2011 vol 23
Meet the Flintstones, A Hartebeest and its handler, Dog Days: Tomb 48, Focus on Flint: Artisans of the Elite Cemetery, Up against the Walls at HK11C. 

 nn 24 2012 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2012 vol 24
A Harvest of potatoes, Lure of the Leopard at HK6, The Wadi of the Elephant, The Lady in Red, Sun Worship at Hierakonpolis, Death on the Nile.

 nn 25 2013 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2013 vol 25
New Kid on the Block, Rocking at Hierakonpolis in 2013, Rendering the Space-Time Contiuum at HK6, Through the Microscope: Messages from the Grave, The Horned Quadruped Conundrum, Farewell Old Friend.  

 nn 26 2014 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2014 vol 26
A Year to Remember!, The Ivory Statuette from HK6 Tomb 72, Symbolism and Place: Investigating the Origins of Hierakonpolis Grinding Stones, Piercing Insights: Experiments in Predynastic Craftsmanship.

 nn 27 2015 thumb Nekhen News, Fall 2015 vol 27
Boxing Day, Hierakonpolis Hippo Round Up!, Tomb 2 at HK6: Now in 3D (No Glasses Required), Skin Deep: the Beautiful Leather of the Nubians at Hierakonpolis, Hierakonpolis in Oxford and Berlin, Farewells to Dr Ahmed Gamal-ed-din Fahmy and Fred Wendorf.

 nn 28 2016 thumb Nekhen News, Winter 2016 vol 28
Putting the Hierakonpolis C-Ware on the Map, Let's look at lions, Another portion of potatoes:Excavation of HK11C in 2016, Twirling the Whorl, Ashmolean Object in Focus, More Nekhen Nubians: A tale of two sites, The tragic life of Hans Alexander Winkler
 nn 29 2017 thumb Nekhen News, Winter 2017 vol 29
Buried beneath the back-dirt, The treasures of Tomb 78, Baboon business, End of the line: excavations at HK11C in 2017, Early Tourists or Pilgrims? Visitors in the Hierakonpolis Dynastic Tombs, Defeating the Wild Bull: Achievements of the King at Nekhen
 nn 30 2018 thumb Nekhen News, Winter 2018 vol 30
Find of a Lifetime, Celebrating The Nekhen News: Volume 30 and counting, One to Remember: Tomb 111 at HK6, Let's fly a Kite: Getting a Bird's Eye view of Hierakonpolis, Preserving the Painted Tomb, Groovy Nubians: Dental evidence from HK27C, Infrared Insights: Thanks for all the Tattoos!
 nn 31 2019 thumb Nekhen News, Winter 2019 vol 31
Hierakonpolis in 2019: A wider view, A Splice in the Tale: Textile Technology at Hierakonpolis, Scenes of Hunting: The art of Three Hump Hill, The Settlement of Elkab, Tracking Serpopards from Hierakonpolis Onward, Boats and Horses: A Painted Ptolomaic Tomb at Elkab. 

 nn 32 2020 thumb

Nekhen News, Winter 2020 vol 32
A Little Bit of Everywhere: Hierakonpolis in 2020, Fort Report: View from the Southern Flank, The Potter's House at HK29: A comparitive re-assessment, HK6: Life of the Edge, Ashmolean Object in Focus: The Scorpion Mace-head. And much more!
 nn 33 2021 thumb Nekhen News, Winter 2021 vol 33 - Animals at Hierakonpolis special
The World of Animals at Hierakonpolis, Animals in Rock Art at Hierakonpolis, 'Bowtied' Donkeys at Hierakonpolis - A Riddle Solved? Ashmolean Object in Focus: Pottery Lion, Only at Hierakonpolis: Animal Iconography at the Very Beginning of State Formation, Richard L. Jaeschke: In Memoriam. And much more!   

 nn 34 2022 thumb Nekhen News, Winter 2022 vol 34 - A New Look at Old Things
Hierakonpolis in 2022: The Fort, Modern Laser Scanning Technology: Updating the Fort, 'Roulette Decorated' Pottery: An Overview, The Life History of Beads: The case of HK6 Tomb 11, Ashmolean Object in Focus: Limestone Striding Statue, New Views on Hierakonpolis at the Egyptian Museum Cairo. And much more!  

 nn 35 2023 thumb Nekhen News, Winter-Spring 2023/4 vol 35  - A View From the Corner
Cutting Corners at The Fort; Take Tow: The Re-Scan of the Fort; Fast Beer, Long Days: Archaeobotany at Hierakonpolis 2023; Not the Daily Grind? Palettes at Hierakonpolis; In Memoriam: Stan Hendrickx 1954-2023. And many more items of interest!